Antenna



Oct. 24 1939. P. s, CARTER 2,177,449

ANTENNA Filed Feb'. 26, 1936 may FREQUENCY APPARATUS HIGH FREQUENCYAPPARATUS INVENTOR.

PHILIP S. CARTER ATTORNEY.

Patented Oct. 24, 1939 PATENT OFFICE ANTENNA Philip S. Carter, PortJefierscn, N. Y., assignor to Radio Corporation of America, acorporation of Delaware Application February 26, 1986, Serial No. 65,765

7 Claims.

The present invention relates generally to antennas, and particularly toan antenna system for broadcasting, vertically polarized waves at theshorter Wavelengths.

Hitherto, when broadcasting at very short wavelengths for television orother purposes, the usual practice has been to use a simple verticalradiator. Such an arrangement produces equal radiation in all horizontaldirections but small latitudinal concentration.

An object of the present invention is to enable substantially equalradiation in all horizontal directions and at the same time highlatitudinal concentration of radiation.

Another object is to produce a relatively substantial increase of powerhorizontally over known types of antennas, and this, in general, isachieved by producing an antenna which reduces radiation at undesiredangles to the horizontal.

In brief, the antenna of the invention consists of a combination of Vwire radiators lying in vertical planes and arranged in a circle, orsemi-circle, and energized cophasally to provide horizontal radiationpatterns from adjacent Vs which partially overlap- In this manner thereis obtained substantially equal vertically polarized radiation in allhorizontal directions and a high latitudinal concentration of radiation.

A more detailed description in conjunction with drawing follows,wherein:

Figs. 1 and 2 illustrate plan views of two difierent embodiments of thepresent invention, and

Figs. 1a and 2a-illustrate side views of Figs. 1 and 2, respectively,along lines la1a and 2a2a.

Referring to Fig. 1, there is shown a top view of a plurality of V-typeradiators I, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc., in different vertical planes, arranged ina circle around thecentral supporting pole P, the other ends of whichare supported on poles P, P. The radiators are insulated from the polesP and P by insulators X. Each V radiator comprises a pair of wires whichare angularly disposed with respect to each other and energized in phaseopposition such that standing waves are produced on the wires andradiation is along the plane of the bisector of the angle of the V.

All the V radiators I 2, 3, 4, 5, etc., are energized cophasally withrespect to each other from high frequency transmitting apparatus, shownin box form, over common transmission line TL. The spacing between thecenter points of diagonally. opposite Vs as measured along the bisectorof the Vs, is made to be an integral number of wavelengths and dependsupon the particular lengths chosen for the individual wires, the

latter of which are made such that the horizontal radiation patterns ofadjacent Vs partially overlap. The term center point used in thisparagraph and in the appended claims designates that point which lies onthe bisector of the angle 5 formed by the wires and is midway betweenthe projections of the wires of the V onto said bisector.

The radiation pattern of each V, the length of the wires and the anglebetween them may be determined by the laws outlined in great detail inmy United States Patent No. 1,974,387, granted September 18, 1934, towhich reference is herein made.

In effect, the arrangement described comprises a pair of conductivestructures simulating opposed cones, Whose apices are adjacent eachother, the upper wires simulating one cone while the lower wiressimulate the other cone, the two simulated cones being in phaseopposition with respect to each other and symmetrically located withrespect to a common axis passing through their apices.

Fig. 2 shows an arrangement similar to Fig. 1 except that the Vs arearranged in a semi-cir cle. The system of Fig. 2 also produces equalradiation in all horizontal directions but is not as directivevertically as the arrangement of Fig. 1.

What is claimed is:

1. An antenna system comprising a plurality of V radiators disposed invertical planes and so arranged that the wires of the Vs diverge from acentral point, each V comprising a pair of wires angularly disposed withrespect to each other and so constructed that standing waves areproduced thereon and radiation is along the plane of the bisector of theangle of the V when said wires are energized in opposite phase withrespect to each other, and means for energizing said Vs cophasally withrespect to each other and the separate wires of each V out of phase withrespect to each other, said Vs being so arranged and constructed thatthe upper and lower wires respectively lie in conical surfaces ofrevolution, the radiation patterns of adjacent Vs partially overlapping,whereby there is obtained substantially equal radiation in thehorizontal plane and high longitudinal concentration of radiation, saidVs being arranged in a circle, the spacing, as measured along thebisector, between center points of oppositely located Vs in the samevertical plane being an integral number of wavelengths at the operatingfrequency.

2. An antenna comprising two structures located one above the other andsupported in in- 5 sulated relation to one another, each structurecomprising a plurality of separate radiating elements inclined withrespect to the vertical and lying in a conical surface of revolution,there being at least six radiating elements in each structure, theradiating elements of each structure being connected together near theapex of the surface of revolution in which they lie, both of saidstructures having the same axis, the apices of said conical surfaces ofrevolution being adjacent to one another.

3. An antenna comprising two structures located one above the other andsupported in insulated relation to one another, each structurecomprising a plurality of separate radiating elements inclined withrespect to the vertical and lying in a conical surface of revolution,there being at least six radiating elements in each structure, theradiating elements of each structure being connected together near theapex of the surface of revolution in which they lie, both of saidstructures having the same axis, each radiating element in one structurehaving a correspondingradiating element in the other structure, theapices of said conical surfaces of revolution being adjacent to oneanother.

4. The combination with an antenna comprising two structures supportedin insulated relation to one another, each structure comprising aplurality of separate radiating elements inclined with respect to thevertical and lying in a conical surface of revolution, there being atleast six radiating elements in each structure, the radiating elementsof each structure being connected together near the apex of the surfaceof revolution in which they lie, both of said structures having the sameaxis, the apices of said conical surfaces of revolution being adjacentto one another, of high frequency translating apparatus coupled to saidelements at points relatively close to the apices of the conicalsurfaces.

5. An antenna comprising two structures located one above the other andsupported in insulated relation to one another, each structurecomprising a plurality of separate radiating elements inclined withrespect to the vertical and lying in a conical surface of revolution,there being at least six radiating elements in each structure, theradiating elements of each structure being connected together near theapex of the surface of revolutionin which they lie, both of saidstructures having the same axis, each radiating element in one structurehaving a corresponding radiating element in the other structure.

6. An antenna comprising two structures located one above the other andsupported in insulated relation to one another, each structurecomprising a plurality of separate radiating elements inclined withrespect to the vertical and lying in a conical surface of revolution,each radiating element in one structure having a corresponding radiatingelement in the other structure, the rae diating elements of eachstructure being connect-V ed together near the apex of the surface ofrevolution in which they lie, both of said structures having the samevertical axis, and means for exciting each radiating element in onestructure in opposite phase to the corresponding element in the otherstructure, the number of radiating elements in each structure being suchthat the resulting radiation therefrom is substantially the same in itsdistribution as that which would result from a continuous current sheetin the surface of revolution in which the elements lie.

7. Anantenna comprising two structures located one above the other andsupported in insulated relation to one another, each structure

